Types of Charity

Zakat and Sadaqah are both forms of charitable giving in Islam, but they differ in meaning, purpose, and obligation.

Zakat

Zakat means "purification" or "growth" and is a mandatory act of worship prescribed by Allah. It is a fixed proportion of wealth (usually 2.5% of savings) that eligible Muslims must give annually to purify their wealth and assist specific groups in need (e.g., the poor, orphans, travelers, and others outlined in the Quran). Zakat is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, making it a religious obligation for every Muslim who meets the criteria of wealth (Nisab). Specific categories mentioned in the Quran (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:60).

Sadaqah

Sadaqah translates to "charity" or "voluntary giving" and encompasses any act of kindness done sincerely for the sake of Allah. It reflects a Muslim's generosity and compassion, aiming to earn Allah’s pleasure and blessing. It is entirely voluntary and can take any form—monetary donations, feeding the hungry, helping someone in need, or even smiling (as the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ mentioned). Anyone in need, without the restrictions that apply to Zakat.

Key Differences

Aspect Zakat Sadaqah
Obligation Mandatory for eligible Muslims Voluntary for everyone
Amount Fixed percentage (2.5% of wealth) Any amount or form
Purpose Purify wealth; fulfill a pillar of Islam Earn reward and show generosity
Recipients Specific categories in the Quran No specific restrictions
Frequency Annually (if wealth meets Nisab) Anytime

 

In essence, Zakat is a duty, while Sadaqah is a voluntary act of goodness. Both aim to promote compassion, equity, and care within society.